Choosing the right dice can make tabletop games, role-playing adventures, and board games more enjoyable. The different types of dice have unique shapes, numbers, and purposes, so understanding them helps players know which dice to use during a game. Whether you are new to tabletop role-playing games (RPGs) or building your first dice collection, this guide explains the most common options and how they work.
From the familiar six-sided die to the twenty-sided die used in Dungeons & Dragons, each design serves a particular purpose. In addition, dice come in different materials, colors, and finishes. Once you understand the basics, you can choose a set that suits your favorite games and playing style.
Why Are Different Types of Dice Used in Tabletop Games?
Dice introduce randomness into games. Instead of allowing players to predict every result, a roll creates uncertainty and makes each turn more exciting. For example, a player might roll to determine whether an attack succeeds, how much damage a character deals, or how many spaces a game piece moves.
Different games need different number ranges. A simple board game may use a six-sided die, while a role-playing game may require several polyhedral dice. As a result, the types of dice used depend on the game’s rules and the actions players need to resolve.
Dice also make games more unpredictable. Players who enjoy chance-based mechanics may like learning how to push your luck while deciding whether to take a risk or play safely.
Quick Reference: Common Types of Polyhedral Dice
Many tabletop RPGs use a standard group of seven polyhedral dice. Each die is identified by the number of faces it has.
- D4: Four-sided die, often used for smaller damage rolls.
- D6: Six-sided die, commonly found in board games and many other games.
- D8: Eight-sided die, frequently used for damage and other game calculations.
- D10: Ten-sided die, often used for percentages and specific game mechanics.
- D% or percentile dice: A ten-sided die marked in tens, usually paired with a regular D10.
- D12: Twelve-sided die, used for certain weapons, abilities, and damage rolls.
- D20: Twenty-sided die, widely recognized for checks, saving throws, and attack rolls in Dungeons & Dragons.
Although these are common RPG dice, not every game requires all seven. Before buying a set, check which dice your game actually uses. If you are choosing games to play with friends or family, explore these best board games for families for more ideas.
The Main Types of Dice Explained
Understanding the main types of dice makes it easier to follow game instructions and select the correct die for each roll.
Four-Sided Die (D4)
The D4 has four triangular faces and produces results from 1 to 4. Its compact shape makes it easy to recognize among other dice. In many role-playing games, players use it for certain weapon damage rolls, spells, and abilities.
However, the number may be displayed differently depending on the design. Check the number indicated by the game’s rules to identify the result correctly.
Six-Sided Die (D6)
The D6 is the familiar cube-shaped die found in many household board games. It has six faces numbered from 1 to 6 and is generally easy for beginners to use.
For instance, classic board games, dice games, and some tabletop RPGs rely on D6 rolls. Players may also roll several D6 dice together when a rule requires multiple results.
Eight-Sided Die (D8)
The D8 has eight triangular faces and produces results from 1 to 8. It commonly appears in fantasy role-playing games for weapon damage, spells, and character abilities.
Because its shape differs from both a cube and a D4, players can identify it once they become familiar with polyhedral dice.
Ten-Sided Die (D10)
A D10 typically has ten numbered faces representing values from 0 to 9. Some games interpret a zero as 10, while others use it as part of a percentile roll.
Consequently, it is important to read the relevant game rules before interpreting a result. A D10 can also be combined with a percentile die to generate results from 1 to 100.
Percentile Dice (D%)
Percentile dice help generate a number between 1 and 100. A common method uses two ten-sided dice: one represents tens, and the other represents units.
For example, a roll showing 40 on the percentile die and 7 on the regular D10 represents 47. However, the way a result of zero is interpreted can vary, so follow the rules of your particular game.
Twelve-Sided Die (D12)
The D12 has twelve faces numbered from 1 to 12. It appears in various tabletop RPG systems, often for damage rolls or specific character abilities.
Although players may use it less frequently than a D6 or D20 in some games, it remains an important part of many standard RPG dice sets.
Twenty-Sided Die (D20)
The D20 has twenty faces numbered from 1 to 20. It is especially well known among Dungeons & Dragons players because it is used for many ability checks, attack rolls, and saving throws.
In general, a higher result can improve the chance of success, depending on the character’s modifiers and the game’s rules. Nevertheless, the required result changes according to the challenge being attempted.
D&D Dice Types and What Each Shape Does
Dungeons & Dragons uses several dice to resolve actions, damage, and other events. The D20 is central to many checks, but other dice determine damage, healing, and additional effects.
For example, a character might roll a D20 to see whether an attack hits, then roll a D8 to determine the damage from a weapon. In another situation, a spell might require several D6 dice to calculate its effect.
The official Dungeons & Dragons Basic Rules explain the game’s core mechanics and how dice rolls work.
Fantasy role-playing games also feature many character races and creatures. If you enjoy exploring fantasy lore alongside your gaming sessions, you can read this guide to types of elves.
Even so, the exact dice required depend on the character’s abilities, equipment, and the edition or ruleset being played. Always consult the relevant rules instead of assuming every character uses the same dice for every action.
Understanding Rolls With Different Types of Dice
Knowing how to roll is just as important as knowing which die to choose. Game instructions often use a short notation that tells players what to roll and whether to add a modifier.
What Does Dice Notation Mean?
Dice notation usually includes a number followed by the letter “d” and the number of sides. For example:
- 1d6: Roll one six-sided die.
- 2d6: Roll two six-sided dice and add the results.
- 1d8 + 3: Roll one eight-sided die and add 3.
- 1d20 + 2: Roll one twenty-sided die and add 2.
Therefore, if a rule says to roll 2d6, you roll two D6 dice and total both numbers. The modifier is added only when the rule specifically tells you to include it.
How Do You Calculate a Dice Result?
First, identify the die or dice required by the rule. Next, roll them and add the results together if necessary. Finally, apply any listed modifiers or other instructions.
For instance, if you roll a 5 on a D8 and receive a +2 modifier, the total is 7. However, the meaning of that total depends on the game’s mechanics.
How to Choose the Best Types of Dice for Beginners
If you are buying your first set, start with the games you plan to play. A standard seven-piece polyhedral set is a practical option for many tabletop RPGs. On the other hand, a board game may need only one or more D6 dice.
Consider these factors before making a purchase:
- Game compatibility: Check which dice your game requires.
- Readability: Choose numbers that are easy to see.
- Size: Make sure the dice are comfortable to handle and roll.
- Durability: Look for materials suitable for regular use.
- Budget: Set a spending limit before comparing decorative sets.
- Personal style: Choose colors and designs you enjoy.
Additionally, beginners do not need an expensive collection to get started. A simple, clearly numbered set is often enough to learn the rules and enjoy a game.
Dice Materials: Acrylic vs. Resin vs. Metal
Dice are available in several materials, and each option offers a different appearance and feel.
Acrylic Dice
Acrylic dice are often lightweight and affordable. They come in many colors and patterns, making them a popular choice for beginners and casual players.
However, quality can vary between manufacturers. Check for readable numbers, visible defects, and consistent construction before buying.
Resin Dice
Resin dice can feature decorative effects such as swirls, glitter, layered colors, and embedded designs. As a result, they appeal to players who want a more distinctive set.
Still, decorative details should not make the numbers difficult to read. Inspect the finish and overall quality before purchasing.
Metal Dice
Metal dice usually feel heavier than acrylic or resin alternatives. Some players enjoy their weight and solid feel, although they may be louder and can damage delicate surfaces if rolled carelessly.
For that reason, use a suitable dice tray or rolling surface when playing with metal dice.
Do Expensive Dice Sets Roll Better?
A higher price does not automatically mean a die is more accurate. Cost may reflect materials, craftsmanship, decorative details, packaging, or brand positioning.
For everyday gaming, prioritize clear numbering, consistent construction, and suitability for your chosen game. If you want decorative dice, you may decide that appearance and material justify the extra expense.
However, avoid assuming that a premium price guarantees perfectly random results. Manufacturing quality and physical design matter more than price alone.
Practical Tips for Using and Rolling Dice
A few simple habits can make your gaming sessions smoother.
- Use a dice tray: It helps prevent dice from rolling off the table.
- Keep dice organized: Store different sizes and sets together.
- Read the rules: Confirm which die and modifiers each action requires.
- Roll on a flat surface: This makes rolls easier to manage.
- Check unclear results: If a die lands against an object, follow your group’s agreed rule for rerolling.
- Protect decorative dice: Avoid throwing delicate or heavy dice onto hard surfaces.
Likewise, establish a consistent rolling method with your group. This can reduce disagreements and keep the game moving.
How to Care for Different Types of Dice
Proper care helps keep your dice clean and readable. Store them in a pouch, box, or organizer when they are not in use. Also, separate heavy metal dice from delicate sets to prevent scratches.
For cleaning, use a soft cloth and follow the manufacturer’s care instructions. Avoid harsh chemicals or soaking materials that may be damaged by water.
If a die develops cracks, sharp edges, or other visible damage, consider replacing it. Damaged dice can be uncomfortable to handle and may not roll as intended.
Common Dice-Rolling Mistakes Beginners Should Avoid
New players sometimes use the wrong die because several polyhedral shapes look similar at first. To avoid this problem, learn to identify each die by its number of faces and printed values.
Another common mistake is forgetting to add a modifier. Read the complete instruction before rolling, and check whether the result needs an additional calculation.
Players may also assume that every high roll guarantees success. In many games, the final result depends on modifiers, target numbers, and special rules. Therefore, understand the entire mechanic rather than judging a roll in isolation.
Finally, do not buy a large collection before learning what your favorite games require. Starting with a basic set helps you discover which dice you actually use.
Useful Accessories for Your Dice Set
Accessories can make gaming more organized and enjoyable. A dice tray provides a dedicated rolling area, while a dice bag keeps a collection together during travel.
A dice tower offers another way to roll, although some groups prefer rolling by hand. Storage boxes can also help separate sets by color, material, or game system.
Choose accessories according to your needs. A simple pouch may be sufficient for casual play, while frequent players may prefer a more structured organizer.
Frequently Asked Questions About Types of Dice
What are the most common types of dice?
The most common polyhedral dice in tabletop RPGs are the D4, D6, D8, D10, percentile die, D12, and D20. Each has a different number of faces and may serve a different role in a game.
Which dice should a beginner buy first?
A standard seven-piece polyhedral set is a useful starting point for many RPGs. However, check your game’s rules first because some games require only a D6 or a smaller selection of dice.
Why is the D20 important in Dungeons & Dragons?
The D20 is used for many ability checks, attack rolls, and saving throws. The final outcome usually depends on the roll, any applicable modifiers, and the rules for the situation.
Are all dice equally random?
Not necessarily. Manufacturing defects, uneven construction, and damage can affect how a die behaves. However, appearance and price alone do not prove that one set is more random than another.
How many dice do I need for tabletop RPGs?
A standard seven-piece set covers many common RPG needs. Some characters or game systems may require additional dice, especially when an action involves rolling several dice at once.
Choose Your Types of Dice for Your Next Adventure
Learning the different types of dice helps you understand tabletop rules, make rolls confidently, and choose equipment that suits your games. From the everyday D6 to the iconic D20, each die offers a different range of possible results.
Start with a basic set that matches your preferred game. Then, as you gain experience, explore different materials, colors, and accessories. With the right dice and a clear understanding of the rules, you can spend less time figuring out what to roll and more time enjoying your next adventure.